2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganism and are involved in sensing endogenous danger signals. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved receptors are homologues of the Drosophila Toll protein, discovered to be important for defense against microbial infection. TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs), which are exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0022
    Isoacteoside
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside
  • HY-141537
    ABR-238901
    		Inhibitor 98.92%
    ABR-238901 is an orally active and potent S100A8/A9 blocker and inhibits S100A8/A9 interaction with its receptors RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) and TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4). ABR-238901 has the potential for myocardial infarction (MI) research.
    ABR-238901
  • HY-134816
    D-Glucan
    		Activator
    D-Glucan is an orally effective Dectin-1 receptor immune activator with antioxidant properties (reducing TNF-α). D-Glucan activates macrophages and neutrophils to scavenge free radicals, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and improve insulin sensitivity. D-Glucan promotes glycolysis by enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and activating GK. D-Glucan can be used in the research of liver damage protection (antagonizing Acetaminophen (HY-66005) toxicity), radiation protection (synergistic with vitamin E) and diabetes (improving glucose metabolism).
    D-Glucan
  • HY-N0201
    Atractylenolide I
    		Antagonist 99.98%
    Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent.
    Atractylenolide I
  • HY-13773
    Motolimod
    		Agonist 98.10%
    Motolimod (VTX-2337;VTX-378) is a selective Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonist, with an EC50 of approximately 100 nM.
    Motolimod
  • HY-150741
    ODN 2216
    		Agonist 98.57%
    ODN 2216 is a type A CpG oligodeoxynucleotide vaccine adjuvant and a TLR9 agonist. ODN 2216 interacts with TLR9 in the lysosomes of CD4+ T cells and activates feedback-dependent signaling pathways. ODN 2216 induces the production of type I interferons, IL-6 and TGF-β via the IRAK4/IRF7 axis, while increasing intracellular ATP levels. ODN 2216 not only induces the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into anti-inflammatory Th3-like regulatory phenotypes to inhibit autologous proliferation, but also enhances the specific CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Mammaglobin-A in breast cancer cells. ODN 2216 is widely used in studies related to breast cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    ODN 2216
  • HY-17589AR
    Chloroquine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Chloroquine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chloroquine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
    Chloroquine (Standard)
  • HY-107202A
    Poly (I:C):Kanamycin (1:1)
    		Agonist
    Poly(I:C):Kanamycin (1:1) is a mixture of Poly(I:C) (HY-107202) and Kanamycin (HY-16566). Poly(I:C) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Poly(I:C) can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Poly(I:C) can directly trigger cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Kanamycin stabilizes Poly(I:C).
    Poly (I:C):Kanamycin (1:1)
  • HY-N0462
    Corilagin
    		99.96%
    Corilagin, a gallotannin, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Corilagin inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Corilagin also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 25 μg/mL. Corilagin shows anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer model. Corilagin shows low toxicity to normal cells and tissues.
    Corilagin
  • HY-150738
    ODN 2088
    		Antagonist 98.82%
    ODN 2088 is a potent TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 inhibitor. ODN 2088 shows no cytotoxic. ODN 2088 inhibits the release of IFN-α and IL-6.
    ODN 2088
  • HY-N7264
    7α-Hydroxycholesterol
    		99.99%
    7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a cholesterol oxide and can serve as a biomarker for oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol has cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activities. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can also inhibit sterol synthesis and reduce the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.
    7α-Hydroxycholesterol
  • HY-N0703
    Schaftoside
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission.
    Schaftoside
  • HY-116961
    TH1020
    		Antagonist 99.81%
    TH1020 is a potent and selective toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)/flagellin complex antagonist with an IC50 of 0.85 μM. TH1020 inhbits flagellin-induced TLR5 signaling. TH1020 is inactive against TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8.
    TH1020
  • HY-109104
    Telratolimod
    		Agonist 98.85%
    Telratolimod (MEDI9197) is a potent toll like receptors 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist, with antitumor activity.
    Telratolimod
  • HY-P1439
    RS 09
    		Agonist 99.88%
    RS 09 is an LPS (HY-D1056) peptide mimic and TLR4 agonist. RS 09 can bind to TLR-4 and activate NF-κB. RS 09 can function as an adjuvant in vivo, enhancing the antigen-specific immune response.
    RS 09
  • HY-D1056B3
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae
    		Activator
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae (LPS, from bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae)) are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR4 activators derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae, and are classified as S-type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibit a typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae may participate in bacterial immune evasion by inhibiting complement-mediated killing and suppressing the host's secretion of antimicrobial peptides, thereby allowing the bacteria to escape immune defenses. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae possess high viscosity and resistance to serum-mediated killing, which may lead to sepsis. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae can be used to construct Acute Lung Injury Model.
    It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • HY-150724
    ODN 1018
    		Agonist 99.28%
    ODN 1018 (1018 ISS) is a TLR9 agonist and immune modulator. ODN 1018 exhibits adjuvant activity and augments CD8+ T cell responses with LNP-encapsulated OVA peptides. ODN 1018 triggers sustained suppression of allergic airway inflammation. ODN 1018 can be used for the research of allergic asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    ODN 1018
  • HY-150751
    ODN TTAGGG
    		Antagonist 99.87%
    ODN TTAGGG (ODN A151), an inhibitory oligonucleotide (ODN), is a TLR9, AIM2, and cGAS antagonist. ODN TTAGGG inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation and cGAS activation through competition with DNA. ODN TTAGGG blocks AIM2-mediated Pyroptosis and inhibits IL-18 production. ODN TTAGGG has immunosuppressive effects and can be used in research on related autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus. ODN TTAGGG sequence: 5'-T-T-A-G-G-G-T-T-A-G-G-G-T-T-A-G-G-G-T-T-A-G-G-G-3'.
    ODN TTAGGG
  • HY-N6949
    Juglone
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione) is a yellow dye that can be extracted from Juglans regia. Juglone induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Juglone has antibacterial and antitumor activity .
    Juglone
  • HY-P2565
    Pepinh-TRIF TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Pepinh-TRIF (TFA) is a 30 aa peptide that blocks TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) signaling by interfering with TLR-TRIF interaction.
    Pepinh-TRIF TFA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison

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